Tipton, who conducts research on the human body's physiological and psychological response to adverse environments, found that it takes as few as five immersions in icy water for the body to develop a tolerance that can reduce the risk of cold-shock response by half.
In one unusual but revealing study, his researchers repeatedly immersed one side of people's bodies until it showed evidence of habituation, while keeping the other side warm -- and then turned them over and immersed the side that had never been in the cold water and found that there was still a significant reduction in their cold shock response.
So if the currently rude health of the Indonesian economy were to deteriorate because of policy mistakes or an external shock, the response might be more, not less, liberalisation a swifter dismantling of monopolies, privatisation of the still bloated state sector, and a freer trade regime.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are small battery-powered devices that can deliver a small electric shock to the heart in response to a life-threatening arrhythmia (when the heart starts beating rapidly and inefficiently).
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That's caused by the adrenaline and stress hormones that the body releases in response to the shock of the cold temperature, but experts say that these rushes are not as healthy as people think.
Mr Meier told Swiss Radio International that he stood by his decision on the goal, but that the public response had come as a shock.
Their response followed the same arc, from solemnity to shock to hilarity.
The demand for labor has risen as a response to the large, positive terms-of-trade shock that drove resources to labor-intensive non-commodity sectors.
And some form of shock or other force pushing prices higher or lower might inspire a monetary policy response.
His then Tory shadow, David Melding was up front in his response: "I don't know whether I'm in shock or awe".
Even if our basic theory is that economy is elastic in response to nominal stress and plastic in response to real stress, a sudden change in rigidity combined with a large nominal shock could cause a very large plastic deformation in the economy.
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