That includes a contribution from what is known as shadow banking, lending by non-bank institutions or bank credit that is kept off the books.

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As MPs considered the Finance Bill, which enacts many measures in this year's Budget, at report stage on 5 July 2011, shadow financial secretary Chris Leslie said that a bank payroll tax could be incorporated within the government's bank levy.

BBC: Finance (No.3) Bill

The shadow chancellor announced two U-turns - on Bank of England independence and the minimum wage - within days of taking on the role.

BBC: Portillo's pledge on tax

For Labour, shadow foreign secretary Douglas Alexander said the European Central Bank (ECB) should be the lender of last resort for the eurozone and "does need to be delivering more fire power".

BBC: UK could give ?40bn to the IMF, Danny Alexander says

It was just the latest reminder of the long shadow cast by the trading loss, which has tarnished the bank's previously sterling reputation as a responsible risk manager and brought about two congressional hearings.

NPR: Jamie Dimon Will Get A Pay Cut After Trading Loss

At the same time, financial institutions including big banks with exposure to the mortgage business like Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, and Citigroup are sitting on a shadow inventory of 1.5 million units, or four months supply.

FORBES: What Housing Recovery? Distressed Sales Still High, Shadow Inventory Massive

Shadow chancellor George Osborne blamed the government for what he called a "catastrophic failure of bank regulation", contributing to the "longest and deepest recession" since the 1930s.

BBC: Financial Services Bill

The shadow chancellor argued that Mr Osborne was "conspiring in allowing the IMF to become the de facto central bank of the euro area" by agreeing to the deal at a recent meeting in Washington.

BBC: Osborne faces IMF funding backlash from MPs