Organizations were found to limit or avoid working with sex workers out of fear of losing funding.

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Last year, the post was criticised by the head of the Terrence Higgins Trust, Pete Clark, who said the money would be better spent helping existing sex workers.

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But Marlise Richter, a member of the women's sector of the South African National Aids Council, said she did not expect a significant increase in sex workers on the streets.

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Around five years ago, with five unsolved murders of sex workers on their books, the Merseyside police decided to focus more on preventing harm and less on enforcing anti-soliciting laws.

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As a result of such measures, and of closer co-operation between police and prosecutors, the number of sex workers who report attacks to the police has shot up, and so have convictions.

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The research was conducted by Melissa Ditmore, from the Sex Workers Project at the Urban Justice Center based in New York City and Dan Allman, from the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto.

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But, intriguingly, the report says that, in the few areas for which details are available, there is no great divergence in pay for salaried workers of either sex.

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The loss of all the skilled female workers meant it was hard for anybody of either sex to get health care or education any longer.

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After the damning review by the Rochdale Safeguarding Children Board (RSCB), the British Association of Social Workers warned that social workers and police officers must realise that victims of grooming gangs were not consenting to sex, although the way they were groomed may give the impression it was consensual.

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