If not, a sequence of tests using a type of mathematics called modular arithmetic is carried out.

ECONOMIST: Number theory

After being asked to type in a five-sentence-long code sequence, the students get restless and start cracking jokes.

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But a Cornell Law School scholar suggests the court should take another approach, one that has been around for at least 250 years over another type of intellectual property that is strikingly similar to a gene sequence: Charts and maps.

FORBES: What If They Treated Gene Patents Like Nautical Charts?