Since sea-ice is already in the water, its melting has little effect on sea levels.
Because they are already floating, their collapse does not have any effect on sea levels, according to the Cambridge-based British Antarctic Survey.
The effect of diminishing sea ice isn't limited to increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.
Mr Gauvain said that future changes in fishing practices could have more of an effect on local sea birds.
In scientific terms, probably the most significant effect of the Sea Empress spill has been felt by a tiny creature known as the brooding cushion-star, or Asterina phylactica to those in the know.
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While ice reflects around 80 percent of the sun's heat, having a cooling effect, blue sea water can absorb up to 95 percent of solar radiation, warming up the sea and accelerating the melting process further.
The haunting effect of Ensor's sea of masked figures, who cascade toward us on a surging, endless tide, is due in part, as the art historian Patricia Berman has described, to the collapsing perspectives and multiple viewpoints the artist employed to create a sense of chaos.
The company has made painstaking studies of the effect its drilling would have on sea life.
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"Today everyone is focused on reducing nutrient inputs to the sea in order to reduce eutrophication (the effect of excessive nutrients) in the Baltic, but by helping nature itself to deal with the phosphorus that is discharged we can create a turbo effect in the battle against eutrophication, " said Anders Stigebrandt, of the University of Gothenburg's Department of Earth Sciences.
Such increased summer melting has an immediate local temperature effect, and it also will affect sea level.
The effect of these strengthened winds whipping across the sea surface is to bring deeper, more carbon-rich water up from below, thus reducing the surface layer's capacity to absorb more CO2 from the air.
This is a known phenomenon that can in principle be calculated and predicted based on a given sea-level rise, by means of the so-called Bruun effect.
In recent years commentators have noted the existence of the so-called Delia Effect, whereby her endorsement of a food product or cooking utensil, be it sea salt, vegetable bouillon or a balloon whisk, sees shoppers falling over themselves in a buying frenzy.
Deploying British Columbia-grown fruit to full effect, the company concocts 25 spirits on site, including fruit liquors such as blueberry and sea buckthorn, and a taste bud-popping prune brandy called Old Italian.
Less ice on rivers, lakes and the sea will lead to more evaporation, probably increasing cloud cover at mid-levels, which should have a cooling effect.
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