Unemployment among high school drop-outs has always been far higher than the national norm.

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California now lags behind the rest of the country in the rate at which the number of its jobs filled by high-school drop-outs is declining.

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Overall, state adult literacy programmes proved to be very unattractive even to young school drop-outs who wished to resume and complete their elementary studies.

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As for the benefits to ordinary Gujaratis, Mr Modi cites more girls at school and fewer drop-outs from education.

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