Saxony kept the selective element, but sent pupils to secondary school at 13 rather than 11.
When they are tough, as in Bavaria and Saxony, towns have no overdraft problem.
That number looks bound to soar if the Christian Democrats flag badly in Lower Saxony.
This helped him into power in 1990, as Saxony's leader, with 54% of the vote.
But despite a recent amendment by the German federal government, the law still guarantees Lower Saxony's veto.
In Lower Saxony, which he has run since 1990, his rhetoric has been better than his record.
The centre of Magdeburg, capital of Saxony-Anhalt, was spared as the river rose by less than feared.
Besseres Hannover is accused of issuing threats against immigrants and distributing racist pamphlets at schools in Lower Saxony.
From this campaign chaos it is, oddly enough, the Saxony-Anhalt election that might just bring Mr Kohl salvation.
At 60, he daringly took a chair of economics at the newly liberated University of Leipzig, in Saxony.
Exams in Saxony, previously organised by the schools themselves or with loose oversight, were opened up to external regulators.
No one is enthusiastic about Mrs Merkel's pick for the presidency, Christian Wulff, the stolid premier of Lower Saxony.
The northern state of Lower Saxony has launched an investigation into allegations that 150 farms had mislabelled their eggs.
In 1936, Adolf Hitler opened the first factory for the production of the "People's Car, " the Volkswagen, in Saxony.
Schools in the state of Saxony, in Germany, in Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia and Poland have all raised their games.
And Lower Saxony, a German state that is a major stakeholder in VW, said it opposes the French deal.
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On October 3rd the state of Lower Saxony will be host to the official ceremony marking German unity day.
The German state of Lower Saxony issued its own sukuk bond back in 2004--the first European government to do so.
More than 530km (331miles) of railway lines in Saxony and 740km of roads were rendered useless and 180 bridges destroyed.
She and her party are riding high in polls, but the opposition hopes Lower Saxony will show she is vulnerable.
Last week, for instance, the state of Saxony moved against Bwin, an Austrian betting firm with a grandfathered East German licence.
The letter outlined how the government had banned the organisation Besseres Hannover, (Better Hannover), a right-wing extremist group from Lower Saxony.
But if their quarrel persists, their parties could yet pick another candidate, such as Christian Wulff, the premier of Lower Saxony.
His rival may well put himself out of the race anyway, if he does not win well enough in Lower Saxony.
Saxony warned Bwin that the licence allows it to operate a single betting shop in Neugersdorf, but not a nationwide online network.
He has given back a sense of pride, a dollop of self-confidence and some rays of hope to Saxony's 4.6m buffeted inhabitants.
Mrs Merkel is backing Christian Wulff, the lacklustre premier of Lower Saxony.
But it was a fascination with the challenge of unification, more than personal ties, that enticed Mr Biedenkopf into taking on Saxony's premiership.
Some 6.1 million people are eligible to vote for a new state legislature in Lower Saxony, which occupies a swathe of northwestern Germany.
Since April's election in the eastern state of Saxony-Anhalt, the Social Democratic premier there has led a minority government tolerated by the ex-communists.
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