Students are compared with a national sample, which means about 11% of kindergarten test-takers in the city received scores in the 99th percentile this year.
The test for high risk HPV is done on the cervical screening sample, which means that women will not notice anything different when they have their regular cervical smear test.
Efficacy here means that of the sample of people who came to the doctor with a flu-like illness, 62% of those who had been vaccinated did not have influenza.
What this means is rather than trying to catch every cheater you randomly sample for cheating and if you find incontrovertible proof then you impose a punishment so viciously harsh that fear of it deters all possible cheaters.