These protuberances perch on a cell's membrane and serve as gateways to the outside.
As the action potential passes, special proteinaceous gates open in the cell's membrane.
Klein devised a supercomputer simulation to predict in practically atomic detail what would happen when DeGrado's molecule collided with a bacterium's membrane.
Ion channels sit in a cell's outer membrane and let electrically charged atoms (ions, as they are known in chemical jargon) in and out of the cell.
Their main finding was that a nerve impulse, now known as an action potential, is caused by the movement in opposite directions across the axon's surface membrane of sodium and potassium ions.
You might recall the pair of high-amplitude mics housed within One's aluminum body, but these are apparently the same dual-membrane tech that Nokia's used in its recent Lumia 720, seen above.
Theravance's drug grips the bacterial membrane more tightly than vancomcyin, enabling it to kill faster.
The company's researchers finally devised a membrane of platinum foil sandwiched between two layers of titanium.
Nuclear-pore complexes are elaborate protein scaffolds that sit in the membrane around a cell's nucleus.
Inside is a soft structure of membrane (membranous labyrinth) that's a slightly smaller, similarly shaped version of the bony labyrinth.
There's no mistaking the keys for those on a mushy membrane keyboard, but they aren't quite as firm or crisp-feeling as those a traditional mechanical keyboard like the Tactile Pro either.
ENGADGET: Matias Quiet Pro review: a mechanical keyboard with less clickety-clack
The oldest enrichment technology, developed in the U.S. during World War II, diffuses the gas through a membrane.
While it's still a bit louder than your run-of-the-mill membrane-based keyboard, the Quiet Pro is very quiet by mechanical keyboard standards.
ENGADGET: Matias Quiet Pro review: a mechanical keyboard with less clickety-clack
Not only is the membrane relatively inexpensive and potentially disposable, but the solution is a world's first, to boot.
By tapping some 20 scientists at research centers across Europe, Statkraft eventually found a membrane that can work for a small-scale plant, though it's not quite enough for a larger operation.
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