Pfizer's drug tremelimumab and Bristol-Myers Squibb's ipilimumab are antibodies to a protein called CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4) that acts as an emergency brake to prevent killer T cells from attacking healthy tissue.
Biologics like Amgen's Enbrel--a protein drug for immune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis--have become blockbusters.
The report describes wheat as the world's most important plant-derived protein and calorie source.
They do this by interfering with the activity of the messenger RNA strands that transfer genetic information from the cell's nucleus to its protein-making machinery.
Both rely on having a protein's amino-acid sequence in the bag, and both have strengths and weaknesses.
It trained the patient's own immune system to attack a protein called beta-amyloid that many scientists believe is implicated in Alzheimer's.
Newer tests that may pick up EPO use can not detect Aranesp, Amgen's newer, longer-lasting version of the protein.
In whipping up a soy-milk-and-blueberry shake from Herbalife's ShapeWorks protein powder, Heber was also promoting the controversial dietary supplement company.
The enzyme breaks up a virus's outer protein envelope into a mixture of mini-proteins known as peptides.
Most scientists believe that Alzheimer's disease is linked to a protein called beta-amyloid.
For instance, much of Kim's work to date focuses on a spring-shaped protein used by the AIDS virus to harpoon a cell it is about to infect.
But 75% to 80% of people are born with at least one E-3 version of the protein, and more than half of people have two E-3's.
WSJ: A Gene Gives a Hint Of How Long a Person Might Hope to Live
That generic versions of high-tech protein drugs such as human growth hormone, insulin, or Amgen 's (nasdaq: AMGN - news - people ) Epogen are likely to reach the market with any great speed.
In its unfolded state, a protein's backbone is exposed from its normal hiding-place deep within the folds.
In previous experiments, De Pomerai's team studied worms that were genetically modified to generate a heat-stress protein when exposed to stresses other than heat.
One roadblock to synthbio's future is the messed-up patent environment in biotech, where every tiny protein pathway and gene sequence has an owner wanting to get paid.
FORBES: Drew Endy aims to reinvent the biotechnology industry.
Whole grains are more than just starch, containing up to 25% of other goodies, including protein, fiber, and added healthy omega-3's, along with a complex mixture of vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrients.
Among the four digestive chambers hoofed creatures possess, it is the cow's reticulum lining that is getting all the culinary play, particularly its protein-rich "honeycomb" lining (shaped and textured like the bee variety).
Working with the geneticists' favourite animal, the fruit fly Drosophila, Dr Gibson has pinpointed a series of so-called cryptic variations that have no effect on a protein's structure, but can nevertheless, if the circumstances are right, have a significant effect on the individual they belong to.
DeCode's effort focuses on an obscure gene that makes a substance called 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, or Flap.
Biologics like Amgen's (nasdaq: AMGN - news - people ) Enbrel--a protein drug for immune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis--have become blockbusters.
So far, working with the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Diversa has used its patented protein-analysis technology to identify proteins in the organisms that cause plague and anthrax.
Amgen used the gene to produce the protein and then sold it as a drug called Epogen--biotech's first blockbuster.
For one thing, the drug seemed to decrease patient's lung function--apparently the result of the way the insulin, a big, complicated protein, was delivered into the lungs.
That generic versions of high-tech protein drugs such as human growth hormone, insulin, or Amgen 's Epogen are likely to reach the market with any great speed.
Pfizer 's ( PFE - news - people ) Sutent, a drug that blocks this protein, the tumor shrank, according to a report in Nature.
The public has mostly focused on Erbitux's ability to slow tumor growth by blocking epidermal growth factor receptor, a key growth-promoting protein that is overabundant in many cancer cells.
Nuclear-pore complexes are elaborate protein scaffolds that sit in the membrane around a cell's nucleus.
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