This approach involves running a simulation of many trials (or games), and observing the outcomes.

FORBES: The Serious Business of Games

After running their simulation on a supercomputer, they found that dark matter should annihilate much more readily than had previously been thought.

ECONOMIST: Two new ways to detect the elusive stuff of the universe

In the past they have used a simulation that lets them experience running their own bank.

CNN: Tackling business problems with online games