Although India insists on bilateralism even while sharing of river-flow data for flood forecasting, officials from Bangladesh have told the BBC that the idea has not worked well because they receive the figure of the flow only from areas nearby the Indo-Bangladesh border areas.

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However the on-ground rainfall and river flow data networks are inadequate to successfully customize these technologies for Pakistan.

UNESCO: NATURAL SCIENCES

These dams, such as Xayaburi, will have no significant storage capacity and are known as run-of-river projects, where the flow through the powerhouse and spillway is virtually the same as the inflow to the reservoir.

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Indiscriminate logging and deforestation have caused the exposed soil to run off into the river, silting it up and reducing its water-flow capacity.

CNN: FIGHTING FLOODS

Instead of building a great wall across the Xingu to create a massive reservoir, Belo Monte is designed as a run-of-river dam, a technique that harnesses the natural flow of the river to drive the turbines.

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Run-of-the-river dams like Baglihar consume nothing, since water must flow to run turbines.

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The commission has long run the St Lawrence hydro-power project at Cornwall, Ontario, and regulated the river flow without dispute or political interference.

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For example, significant cooling and strong dynamical effects after the Laki event and other high-latitude eruptions are believed to have caused decreased flow of the Nile River in Egypt and weakened African and Asian monsoons based on climate model simulations, with potentially very significant impacts on food and water supplies.

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And in Guyana and Suriname, coastal farmers irrigating with water from river estuaries have had to stop: because of the rivers' weak flow, it was sea-water.

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