Finally, when the appeals were done and the convictions upheld, the defendants began filing habeas corpus petitions - a practice that continues to this day - claiming that this or that constitutional right was infringed, or that this or that prison condition was inhumane.

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Workers who believe their employer has infringed their right to paid annual leave can seek justice in their national courts.

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The Malaysian Bar Council has expressed "dismay" over the incident, saying it infringed the constitutional right of a person to defend himself.

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Representatives of the prince had requested the photos not be printed in the British press, on the grounds that it infringed the prince's right to a private life.

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The First Amendment claim was similarly an argument that his right to freedom of association was unconstitutionally infringed by virtue of the threat of criminal prosecution for mere non-criminal membership.

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To decide the case, the justices had to rule directly on the meaning of the Second Amendment, a provision with only 27 words: A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

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She also noted that due to the way one of Apple's witnesses argued how much the company should be awarded per device for each infringed patent, it was hard to reasonably calculate the right amounts based on various timelines about when Samsung was informed it had been infringing and how much money it had made since.

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Lord Justice Gross and Mr Justice Irwin dismissed Mr Catt's claim at a hearing in May 2012, ruling that his right to privacy under the European Convention on Human Rights had not been infringed.

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