The term first appears in peer-reviewed scientific periodicals in 2000, but geosciences journals are a little slower to adopt it: the first use of the term in the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research for example seems to have been in 2008.
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Yet this piece of research offers a clear example of the possible benefits of scientific research methods: rigorous research which reveals unintended consequences to expose the true nature of a business practice.
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Peter and Neal Larson's Black Hills Institute of Geological Research is one example.
The London-based Centre for Economics and Business Research, for example, believes there is a 60% probability the euro will break up this year.
For example, research has shown that, given the same qualifications, physically attractive applicants are considered more suitable for a particular job.
With depression, for example, research suggests patient preference influences how well someone is able to both start and engage a treatment.
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Consultants working with clients closer to the Beijing or Nairobi research centers, for example, may still tap into Watson in New York for advanced mathematics.
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Research expenditures, for example, have a very long lead time.
Consider, for example, research based on human cancer cell lines.
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Research suggests, for example, that when people can be made to feel a personal connection to a victim, they might intervene in a situation that they would otherwise ignore.
For example, research shows that people may hold an unconscious bias against creativity because it represents uncertainty unless they are able to perceive that uncertainty in a positive light.
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For example, research has shown that, even in the US, many firms would prefer to reduce wage costs by eliminating some staff rather than affect morale and productivity by introducing across-the-board wage cuts.
There are one or two aspects we want to talk about further - some of our changes on the research system, for example - but it is a white paper which sets out our proposals clearly.
For example, research has shown that a dollar invested in a high quality home visitation program to support first time mothers in challenging circumstances can save more than five dollars over time in social services that the family would otherwise require.
For example, the research and development headquarters of Switzerland-based Novartis AG is based in Cambridge, Mass.
For example, research done by DDI shows that women are under-represented in accelerated leadership development programs.
For example, other research has found that higher adherence to the diet seems to protect against hypertension, also associated with these brain problems.
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For example, much research has shown that subject students retain more if seated in a classroom with others students who appear to be listening attentively.
For Research in Motion, for example, it must be discouraging that 1.3 million BlackBerry users have already bought iPads and will likely not want a PlayBook.
For example, the research and development headquarters of Switzerland-based Novartis AG (nyse: NVS - news - people ) is based in Cambridge, Mass.
Just as an example, one research paper a few years back pointed out that the average German woman does more working hours in total than the average American one.
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We found, for example, in research from the Rand Institute that the density of fast food outlets in areas was not necessarily correlated with how fat children were in those areas.
Gunnar Myhre of the Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research in Oslo, for example, notes that the amount of black carbon in the Arctic is small and has been falling in recent decades.
For example, little proper research has been done on the reliability of handwriting analysis.
And in a stunning example of true journalistic research, a story from my old next door neighbours.
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Here is an example of how this research should influence decision making.
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It suggests that governments should not merely encourage the supply of innovation (for example, by funding research) but also try to stimulate demand.
Our research in goal management, for example, shows that companies which revisit their goals quarterly generate nearly 3X the return of companies that implement top-down goal management annually.
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