The Arnolds hired Milgram to analyze criminal justice, with the mandate to "take resources off the table for a while" in other words, don't worry about what the research will cost.
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Securities firms that provide investment research incur the cost of employing analysts to produce that research.
By law, CMS is prohibited from doing cost-effectiveness analysis, but as The Legal Pulse has previously noted, the ethic of factoring cost into coverage decisions permeates the agency to the point where its employees have conducted their own, independent research on the cost of certain drugs.
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It took a lot of research to document the cost basis, but when it was all buttoned up, we were stunned.
Research is a current cost that delivers benefits in the distant future (although the drugs industry shows that pay-offs can disappoint).
Those behind this latest research believe that the cost of setting up the programme would be offset by savings on avoiding the need for treatment.
Nucleus Research maintains the actual cost of a device makes up just 10 percent of the total cost of deploying that device in a business environment.
By the end of 2011, Mr. Sood's research found that the cost to rent an apartment was about 15% higher than the cost to own a home.
The research didn't cost his company a nickel, because ESpin and the SimCenter were able to tap university and federal and state government grant programs for small business.
The MoJ has also commissioned some research into the financial cost of FOI for public authorities, but this is not expected to be completed until the new year.
From the Bush White House, they're talking about large-scale technology: oil and gas, nuclear power plants and clean coal research, which will cost billions of dollars and will take years.
However, it is less widely understood that the PCA also proposed two governmental bodies to broadly apply cost effectiveness research in order to develop guidelines to govern the practice of, and payment for, medical care.
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To understand the importance of the mix, says Max Warburton of Bernstein Research, compare the cost of producing a small car such as the popular Fiat 500 with that of making a hulking sport-utility vehicle such as the Audi Q7.
Then they claim that the law would increase the cost of medical research by non-patent-holders.
Why should drugmakers pay for long-term research trials that can easily cost a hundred million dollars or more if they get no sales benefit?
According to the Washington-based Association of Research Libraries, the average cost of an annual subscription to an academic journal shot up by 207% between 1986 and 1999.
Experts cite strong competition for faculty, student demand for state-of-the-art classrooms and facilities, and a decline in federal support for research facilities as the big cost drivers.
But Bayer has refused to provide details on how much it invested in Nexavar's research and development, the cost of which was partly subsidised by the US government.
Investment banks' conflict of interest helps explain why a recent survey of fund managers, by Tempest, a consultancy, found that many managers increasingly resort to their own, in-house research, despite its extra cost.
Previous Fellows have also used this support to hire a research assistant or to cover the cost of childcare.
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They will also unveil research on how much it will cost individual councils to stage the referendum.
But for others, the promise of stem cell research is outweighed by the moral cost of the source of the cells.
But when that research crosses into the realm of cost-effectiveness, patients suffer.
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The debt that young people carry today is often not from college, the MacArthur research finds, but from the cost of not investing in college.
And a piece of recent research, which shows that the cost of cutting pollution often turns out to be less than forecast, supports a modest estimate.
What is the cost related to the research effort?
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Other nations have leapt ahead by implementing clean energy strategies that coordinate long-term investment in integrated research and development, low-cost financing for clean tech manufacturers, and stable policies to ensure domestic demand for clean energy.
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The author of the research paper Dr Lennert Veerman, from the Centre for Burden of Disease and Cost Effectiveness, told me they had adjusted their research to exclude people who were physically active while watching TV - such as running on a treadmill or rowing.
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