That was the lesson that Republican France had taught the world and that Bismarck had learned.

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He fled from the Republican north to France, returning later to an area held by Francisco Franco's victorious rebels.

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Germany lacks the republican assertiveness of France, which bars schoolgirls from wearing headscarves, and the populist self-confidence of Switzerland, which voted to ban minarets in a referendum last November.

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Since courses for imams cannot be compulsory, what is the incentive for them to learn about France's republican code?

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So there have been very close relations between France and the United States, regardless of whether a Democrat or a Republican is in power here, or regardless of which party is in power in France.

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He drew crowds in their hundreds, a feat Mitt Romney, now the Republican contender for the White House, never equalled as a Mormon missionary in France.

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