Epigenetic changes are heritable changes to the regulation of a cell's genes, caused by extra molecules being attached to those genes.

ECONOMIST: Richard Dawkins under fire

Phosphorylation is a type of cell regulation involving the attachment to, or removal of, phosphate groups from proteins, thereby switching their biological functions on or off, or making them more or less stable.

BBC: Sir Philip Cohen

Some areas identified as particularly human are the regulation of the cone cells of the retina (which are involved in colour vision) and the regulation of nerve-cell growth.

ECONOMIST: Evolution