While Vivus registered four Stage III clinical trials with the government registry, no study results from any of those trials have been published, though presumably preliminary data were submitted to the FDA panel.

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Second, by including the entire eligible Danish population, which is covered by a national tumor registry, the study avoids the problem of selection bias (that is, people who do not make it into your study for various reasons, including refusal).

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HeartWare said that the FDA was requiring the company to perform a post-approval study in the form of a registry consisting of 600 HeartWare patients and an additional 600 control patients.

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At the 2011 Jockey Club Round Table in Saratoga Springs, New York, Michael Lamb and Dan Singer of McKinsey and Company presented the results of a study commissioned by the Jockey Club, which is the breed registry for Thoroughbred horses in this country, Canada, and Puerto Rico.

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Last year, British experts at the world's biggest artificial joint registry said doctors should stop using metal-on-metal hip replacements after a study found that, after five years, about 6 percent of people who had used them needed surgery to fix or replace them.

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