The 13year old from the West Midlands won the right to a judicial review of a decision by community paediatricians to refer his case to social services.

BBC: Doctor and child

If the SEC finds wrongdoing in the investigation, it can choose to bring a civil suit against parties involved, issue fines or refer the case to the United States Department of Justice for possible criminal charges.

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The Attorney General's office said it was considering whether to refer the case to the Court of Appeal, which has powers to increase a sentence if it is "unduly lenient".

BBC: Norwich Corwn Court

In this case, that would refer to buying a put that has some intrinsic value.

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An airline can simply refer delayed passengers to either their tour operators - in the case of a chartered flight - or even to their travel insurers.

BBC: Q&A: Air passengers' rights

Any party can refer the case to the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights within that period and request a further examination by a five-judge panel.

CNN: Court: 5 terror suspects can be sent to the U.S.

Mr Berlusconi's lawyers do not argue merely that the prosecutors lack a case, but that they had no right to investigate him (because they failed to refer the matter to a court for judging ministers that requires parliamentary approval to proceed).

ECONOMIST: Silvio Berlusconi is charged