By aligning an executive's pay with the firm's share price, options reduce the scope for playing games.
Any move to reduce the scope of the tax would lower the revenues it generates for Europe's cash-strapped governments.
"The various musicians' and other performers' unions are extremely concerned that all these obstacles reduce the scope for new talent to get started, " it added.
Department plans include shedding jobs, closing some police stations, reducing the prison population (finding custody alternatives) and reduce the scope of the island's fire and rescue services.
Not only does that reduce the scope for corruption or political favouritism, but the cards hold a wealth of information that can be used for designing and targeting programmes.
So far, none of the police nor anyone else involved has been held to account, as the various commissions and committees and the Supreme Court, which are supposed to deliver justice, continually reduce the scope of their inquiries.
The switch from proprietary, airline-specific technologies to open standards will, however, reduce the airlines' scope for differentiation.
In short, since Congress is trying to find ways to reduce the budget deficit, it should limit the scope of the MID to the extent it does not promote home ownership.
FORBES: Heretic Reality: Mortgage Interest Deduction Needs To Be Slashed
Now that might, in theory reduce mortgage rates, but the scope for making any margin on lending has been reduced again.
Like Barack Obama in the US, Mr Key's essential economic-policy challenge is that he will be expected to provide substantial economic stimulus as soon as he takes office, yet the weakness of the domestic economy will reduce tax revenues and limit his scope to raise spending without also increasing the fiscal burden.
Roger Howard, chief executive of Drug Scope, said the report highlighted the need to reduce the use of injectable drugs.
Sir Malcolm urged ministers to try to change the UK population's behaviour, saying there was "considerable scope for the government to launch a national consumer campaign to reduce domestic food waste" and for it to "set national targets to curb food waste within the UK food production and retail sectors, with clear sanctions for companies that fail to meet these targets".
BBC: MPs urge UK to eat less meat to help global food supplies
As The Economist went to press, the Senate was poised either to follow suit or at least radically to reduce its scope.
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