Grotzinger knew from satellite images that there was a layer of crystalline red hematite near the bottom, then a layer of clay about a hundred and sixty feet above it, then a layer of sulfates above that.

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The cookie to emerge from my auditions this year is a tri-color butter cookie: a layer of red, green and white dough rolled and sliced into a gorgeous swirl.

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Refurbish state departments of education to give them the tools to truly reform school systems rather than add layer upon layer of new rules and bureaucratic red tape.

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The traffic layer, which lights up in red, yellow and green depending on the amount of traffic, also was particularly helpful on the way back to New York.

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Both models also sport dual-layer backlit keyboards, with a snazzy red tone peeking out from under the black chiclet-style keys.

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This refraction eliminates both the red end of the spectrum (red light is not bent enough by the air layer to form part of the second image) and the blue frequencies (which are scattered away: this selective scattering is why the sky is blue).

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Before topping the fillets with grapefruit, Mr. Schwartz adds another layer of flavor and texture with a raw radish, chive and red onion tangle.

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