An example is the earned income credit, which is a tax rebate for lower-income workers.
And even with a rebate, the highest income 5 percent of households would still enjoy a major tax cut even as others pay more.
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Bigger tax incentives for investment and a rebate for low-income earners seem likeliest, but there is no guarantee that either would boost spending anytime soon.
At a Brookings Institution forum on January 10th, Martin Feldstein, a Harvard professor and leading Republican economist, argued for an income tax rebate and opposed extending unemployment insurance.
Mr. Jindal is countering by exempting food, medicine and utilities from his sales tax and providing a rebate for low-income families so their tax bills would not rise.
In April it raised the consumption tax from 3% to 5%, rescinded an income-tax rebate and increased health-care contributions.
Rowe Price Group and Vanguard Group, rebate all securities-lending income (net of expenses) back to the funds that generated it.
If the people who failed to claim the rebate primarily came from low income families, would that cause you any misgivings?
Mr Zapatero will probably scrap his income-tax rebate, or most of it.
By luck more than design, the income-tax rebate was well timed (Mr Bush had promised to cut taxes long before the recession hit).
Mr Morial, knowing that a tax on commuters has been ruled unconstitutional under state law, suggests a 1% rebate of Louisiana's income tax, of which half would go to the taxpayer's area of residence and half to his area of employment.
Specifically, to get one-half the rebate (7%), low-income families would have to produce proof of health insurance.
Low-income households would get a sales tax rebate.
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Thus, for the well-heeled sports fan sitting court-side, the federal government rebates more than one-quarter of the required donation. (80% of the top income tax rate, 35%, equals 26%.) Since the deduction carries over to state income taxes, most states also implicitly rebate a portion of the cost.
That's a source of disagreement with Democrats, who want to see lower-income folks who pay Social Security but not income taxes get relief in the form of a rebate check too.
Even after the rebate, Britain is the fourth-biggest net contributor by shares of national income.
The impact could probably be larger now, partly because more households are strapped for cash, but also because a permanent boost to income is more likely to be spent than a one-off rebate.
Also unclear is whether the relief would be capped, or whether taxpayers at all income levels including the wealthiest Americans would receive a rebate check.
They found that, even with one form of rebate, this version of a VAT would impose a larger tax burden on low- and moderate-income households than an across-the-board income tax rate increase.
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At the heart of the shelter was a kickback: The taxpayer avoided taxes on U.S. income because the income was supposedly being taxed in Guam, when in reality, the territory had agreed to rebate the tax after six months.
The payroll tax holiday would replace a provision in the House-passed economic stimulus bill to send rebate checks to those who did not receive them this summer -- those who do not make enough to pay income tax but are still subject to payroll taxes.
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