Litzman "did not comply with the NYPD's reasonable accommodation to keep his beard trimmed, " Browne said.

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If Section 107 is analyzed as part of the employer assisted housing tax exemption, it appears to be a reasonable accommodation to religious freedom and constitutional.

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Both Ms Ladele and Mr McFarlane had argued in Strasbourg for "reasonable accommodation" - a compromise in which an employer would find alternative staff without conflicting religious convictions to perform the task.

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"Today's court ruling affirms NISD's position that we did make reasonable accommodation to the student by offering to remove the RFID chip from the student's smart ID badge, " the district said in a statement.

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And for those that think Japan is expensive, food and accommodation prices are better than reasonable.

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