Also pushing up neutral, the pipeline of excess liquidity is still filling despite rate hikes, most visibly in commodity speculation and record levels of corporate cash.

FORBES: Malpass to Bernanke: Hike! Hike! Hike!

We calculated medians for each school, filling in missing years with the assumption of a constant growth rate.

FORBES: Measuring M.B.A. Muscle

When mechanical engineer James Parks joined Nektar in 1994, employees at the company were hand-filling blister packs with an early version of insulin powder at a rate of 100 per person per day, too slow for mass production.

FORBES: Innovation