It is rare for lenders to lend below the rate of consumer price inflation.
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First, the rate of consumer price inflation including energy and food has accelerated into the mid single digits.
It's a quirk of the U.S. statistical apparatus that residential rents count for 29% of the measured rate of consumer price inflation.
The 12-month rate of consumer-price inflation has fallen to 0.7% in Germany and to 0.5% in France.
In Britain the annual rate of consumer-price inflation rose to 2.2% in May, up from 2% in April.
The core rate of consumer-price inflation (excluding fresh foods) turned positive (0.1%) in the 12 months to November.
America's 12-month rate of consumer-price inflation held steady at 1.7% in March.
America's headline rate of consumer-price inflation rose to 2.0% in October, largely as a result of dearer oil and a jump in car prices, which had been heavily discounted the previous month.
Rising oil prices push up the rate of consumer-price inflation not just because people are paying more for petrol at the pump, but because companies must pay more to make and transport the goods they sell.
The annual rate of consumer-price inflation was at 2.8% in November, which is in line with what the Polish central bank calls "a conventional policy" of keeping the cost of money above the level of inflation.
The earnings rate combines a 0.00% fixed rate of return with the 4.60% annualized rate of inflation as measured by the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
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Every six months your bonds are credited with the fixed rate plus the rate of inflation as determined by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
But BBC business editor Robert Peston said the deal meant the licence fee would rise broadly in line with the headline rate of inflation - the Consumer Price Index, which excludes mortgage payments.
What really matters for jobs and competitiveness is not consumer price inflation, but the rate of change of unit labor costs. (Unit labor costs are wage rates adjusted for changes in productivity.) A recent study from the Boston Consulting Group suggests that Chinese unit labor costs will grow at about 8.5 percent per year over the next five years.
In particular, conservatives would argue that the official Consumer Price Index was over-stating the rate of inflation, thereby under-stating the rate at which things were improving.
In the U.K. itself, government figures showed that consumer price inflation had accelerated in October at an annualized rate of 1.5%, after hitting a five-year low of 1.1% in September.
As there is almost no evidence of consumer-price inflation, either actual or potential, Mr Greenspan can present this week's rate rise as an act of great prudence.
Changes to the way the Consumer Price Index -- the inflation rate -- is calculated are by far the most politically palatable of the options available to Congress and the president.
"Part of our mission is to keep prices below the 'food away from home' inflation rate, " Alvarez told the NRF conference, speaking of that particular component of the monthly consumer price index.
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