Varadhan, New York University, for his work in probability theory, especially his work on large deviations from expected random behavior which has revolutionized this field of study during the second half of the 20th century, and become a cornerstone of both pure and applied probability.

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Companies have no way to either modify their behavior to avoid random jury verdicts or calculate what they might owe when they do lose.

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But what happens when the consequences are random or contradictory, i.e. when the same behavior sometimes is rewarded and sometimes is punished?

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