The same is true of provincial data.

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In 1993 the People's Bank of Hainan decided to establish a provincial financial-data network using a credit card with a microchip.

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But anyone else who needed to know the true inflation rate simply turned to a clutch of private economists who drew on their own price surveys, data from provincial governments and other official statistics.

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Data released by provincial-level statistics offices and compiled by the group showed that the increase could be nearer 8.5%.

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