"All parties but one -- the United States -- declared themselves very strongly in favor of the Kyoto Protocol, " said conference chair Jan Pronk, who serves as the environmental minister of the Netherlands.

CNN: U.N. climate conference laments U.S. opposition

The immediate aim of the conference is to launch negotiations toward a pact to replace the Kyoto Protocol when it expires in 2012, set an agenda for further talks and a deadline for action.

NPR: Climate Experts Mull Payment to Stop Deforestation

Iraq's widely publicized flouting of the Geneva Protocol led, a few months later-in January 1989-to the convening in Paris of a large international conference to do something to uphold the old treaty.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Chemical Reaction

In a Thursday afternoon presentation titled "Hacking Capitalism" at the Black Hat conference, a gathering of computer security experts, they detailed weaknesses in applications using Financial Information eXchange Protocol, or FIX, a common language used in communications between banks and commercial markets.

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