It works by introducing a protein whose surface resembles that of the malaria parasite, thus inducing an immune reaction.
The protein on the surface of the virus, called gp120, constantly mutates to escape detection by antibodies.
Four of the genetic substitutions were in hemagglutinin, a protein on the surface of H5N1 that helps it to enter host cells.
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Thus a cancer cell stupid enough to be carrying this protein on its surface is going to have a difficult battle on its hands.
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The gene produces a molecular sensor on the T cell that is designed to latch on to a telltale protein on the surface of that specific type of cancer.
Cohen took the malaria surface protein used in Ballou's vaccine and fused it to a protein from the hepatitis B virus, creating a harmless particle that looked like a virus to the immune system.
The test can be configured to a unique signature of a disease or virus - such as a protein found on the surface of HIV.
It revealed that healthy brain stem cells displayed a certain telltale protein called CD133 on their surface.
It uses a clever linking technology to hook together a diphtheria protein to sugars from the surface of seven pneumococcal strains.
So the idea is to use a second pill to get the CFTR protein up to the cell surface so Kalydeco can work.
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Receptors are protein molecules that sit on the surface of cells in the nose.
And, as a bonus, it is the protein that locks on to the surface of a host cell before the virus enters it.
Given intravenously, Kadcyla courses through the body, looking for breast-cancer cells with a distinguishing feature: a high number of a particular protein, called HER2, on their surface.
They found that the protein fragment had a deep groove on its surface.
Instead, scientists believe that it "recruits" another natural protein, PrP, which sits on the surface of brain cells, to become like it.
This consists of two sugar-protein molecules known as gp120 and gp41 that react with a protein called CD4, which is found on the surface of certain cells of the immune system.
When the antibodies on the surface of the nanotubes come in contact with a target protein, the proteins bind to the tubes and spread them apart a tiny bit.
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The Novartis drug suppresses a protein called MTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), which receives incoming growth signals from the surface of the cell and directs them to grow fatter, a necessary step before cell division.
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