When a cell translates a gene into a protein, it uses a messenger molecule that carries the genetic information to a protein factory called a ribosome.
He hooked up a fragment of the mutant protein to a larger protein from a giant sea snail (the keyhole limpet) that looks foreign and can rev up the immune system.
According to her, the ideal snack contains a protein and a carbohydrate.
But it tested positive for the causal agent for BSE, a protein called a prion, which can arise spontaneously in elderly cattle.
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One idea would be to start with a protein in a random configuration, and then to simulate its folding for a short period.
The antiviral gene comes from a rhesus macaque, and produces a protein called a restriction factor that can resist Aids-causing viruses affecting other animals.
Like other viruses, HIV is a stripped-down invader: To reproduce and bud it uses a single, Swiss Army knife of a protein called GAG that hooks onto a protein normally present in healthy cells.
We take a protein, and a small molecule, and the small molecule binds with the protein and changes the activity of the protein.
Blue Gene could simulate heating a protein, to see how stable it is, or could apply random mutations to a protein, to see how its ability to fold is affected.
Transcriptors substitute DNA for semiconductors and RNA for the electrons in traditional transistors -- essentially, the transcriptor controls the flow of a specific RNA protein along a DNA strand using tailored combinations of enzymes.
The main anatomical symptoms of Alzheimer's are the growth in the brain of plaques of a protein called beta amyloid, and tangles inside cells of a second protein called tau.
And it allows Dr Schneider to pretend he is a protein looking for a binding site.
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The peptide enhances production of keratin, a protein that is a major component of hair, according to Symrise.
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Using such fusion proteins, a scientist can follow exactly where a protein moves in a cell, or in an animal's body.
In those with a milder form of the disease, they found a protein associated with a bacterial immune response - interferon-gamma.
Whereas in patients with a more serious form of leprosy, a protein associated with a viral response - interferon-beta - was prominent.
With the help of Chiara Cirelli, who also works at the University of Wisconsin, Dr Tononi has created a mutant fruit fly that sleeps only two or three hours a night. (A normal fly sleeps between eight and 14 hours.) The mutation itself is in a gene for a nerve-cell protein of a type known as an ion channel.
The databases can--in a single day--test one disease-causing protein against a trillion chemical compounds and rank which ones are most likely to latch onto the protein and gum up its works.
For Myriad, this protein is a new drug target--that is, a chemical targeted to stop the protein might make an effective drug.
Infuse combines a protein that causes bone to grow (a drug) with a device that delivers that protein to the spine.
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C-reactive protein was first discovered in the 1930s as a protein the body made in response to a sugar (the C polysaccharide) made by bacteria.
Glutathione is a small protein that plays a crucial role in protecting the cell.
An antibody is a protein that binds to a hostile invading organism.
Duchenne is caused by misspellings in the gene that tells the body to produce a protein called dystrophin, a glue that helps hold muscle tissue together.
ALS6 is a protein normally found inside a cell's nucleus, but in patients with Lou Gehrig's disease, it is found outside the nucleus and sometimes forms unusual clumps.
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We take a million of these small molecules--they are not drugs but the starting points for drugs--and mix each one of those prototype drugs with a protein we have in a test tube.
But when the virus produces protein, a troublesome mutation results in a change to the amino acid sequence that makes up the protein.
It turned out that a new drug existed that was targeted specifically at shutting down the offending protein, a drug that to that point had been used only for kidney cancer.
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Cohen took the malaria surface protein used in Ballou's vaccine and fused it to a protein from the hepatitis B virus, creating a harmless particle that looked like a virus to the immune system.
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