The antiviral gene comes from a rhesus macaque, and produces a protein called a restriction factor that can resist Aids-causing viruses affecting other animals.
Enbrel works by blocking a long-mysterious protein in the immune system known as tumor necrosis factor, or TNF.
The public has mostly focused on Erbitux's ability to slow tumor growth by blocking epidermal growth factor receptor, a key growth-promoting protein that is overabundant in many cancer cells.
Diadexus drew headlines last month when it helped identify what may be a new risk factor in heart disease: a little-known protein produced by the body that can double the risk of heart attacks.
All three drugs target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a protein that is over-expressed in cancer cells.
The scientists found that a cell-signaling protein, or cytokine, known as a hippocampal TNF (tumor necrosis factor) played a limited role.
The drugs work by blocking an enzyme called factor 10a that helps spur the production of a crucial clot-promoting protein called thrombin.
The protein is a growth factor that leads to the production of certain immune cells, called B-cells.
Lapatinib, it turns out, also inhibits the activity of a protein called the epidermal growth factor receptor, which has been found to be important for stem-cell proliferation.
The vitamin also appears to trigger the production of a protein called nerve growth factor, which directs the development of nerve cells and promotes their long-term survival.
The flavonoids inhibited the secretion of various inflammatory cells called cytokines in H5N1-infected cells, but had no effect on noninfected cells or tumor necrosis factor, a key inflammatory protein.
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