Projects fail when the principal investigator behaves as a boss, and the student merely a gopher.
So far, most have found it hard to use it effectively: one recent survey found that about two-thirds of customer-relationship-management projects fail.
This is a business where more than one in twenty projects fail.
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This type of ecosystem behaviour is increasingly characterised as fail fast fail cheap, a Darwinian process where projects fail in order that management can refine products and objectives.
Many projects fail to meet their original funding requirements.
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Studies suggest that about three-quarters of such projects fail.
Projects that succeed get more resources, projects that fail are quickly terminated.
Gates cautioned that 90% of new energy technology projects will fail.
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The last few months have seen some tricky challenges for Kickstarter, mostly around the issue of the funding of projects that fail to deliver, but they continue to push forward and expand.
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Also, the report says that a lot of aid in the past has been badly designed: too much reliance on short-term-funding, for instance, causing projects to fail because recurrent expenses cannot be covered.
In addition, inaccurate scope was listed as a top reason why IT projects in general fail (58%).
McCaskill question whether U.S. military operations benefit from spending billions of dollars on major infrastructure projects that often fail when they are turned over to local officials.
Nonetheless it is a much needed safety net and one that should instil confidence in project sponsors to push on with projects in the knowledge that no well structured project will fail for lack of access to private finance.
Another of their projects, reform of the House of Lords, looks set to fail.
"Projects run over budget, they fall behind schedule, and they fail to deliver their promised functionality, " said Jeffrey Zients, the White House's chief performance officer.
Because private investors shoulder upfront costs -- as well as the considerable risk that their investment might fail -- they have strong incentives to make sure projects are completed on time and on budget.
There are always announcements of projects that are late, years late, or get killed or just fail.
As he explained it, innovative projects often succeed at the micro level or within pilot environments but ultimately fail because they cannot be taken to scale.
Naveen Jain, CEO of information-technology company Inome, says his own missteps as an entrepreneur led him to urge his 400 employees to "fail fast" if they can, moving on quickly from projects that don't take off.
So the hardworking person who takes on more projects than he can handle or stays late more often than he should can be set up to fail or burn out.
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