Republicans also want to legalize drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska and allow the processing of oil shale on public lands in the West -- two actions Democrats also oppose.

CNN: GOP lawmakers want special session on energy crisis

In 1995 the federal government decreed so-called Order 58-R, which set the volume of oil exports and obligated the Moscow Oil Refinery to build a factory for processing polypropylene-based chemicals, financed by petroleum revenues over a ten-year period.

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By the time she was 30, Al-Tunisi was modernizing the Abqaiq oil processing plant in part by replacing thousands of manually operated valves with electric ones.

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Many of them came to work at an Exxon oil shale processing plant.

NPR: Industry Seeks to Extract Oil from Rocky Mountain Shale

The purchases included the Canada-based R Wales group of companies, which makes specialist rubber and wear resistant linings for the mining, minerals processing and oil sands industries.

BBC: Weir Group in ?55m spending spree

Namely, beyond foregoing the obvious benefits that come from value-added processing such as refining (gasoline sells a lot more per gallon than the cost of a gallon of crude oil), we are incurring secondary costs that impact, in part, the very environment that radical environmentalists are trying to protect.

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