Section 501(c)(4)(B) explicitly prohibits monetary benefits to any private shareholder or individual.
Mr Lebedev owns Britain's Independent and Evening Standard newspapers, holds a major stake in the Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta, and is the largest private shareholder in the Russian airline Aeroflot.
Moreover, judging by this indictment, prosecutors could have brought similar charges against any number of other bosses from the 1990s: at the heart of almost all of the hundreds of private shareholder suits filed in America recently lies a similarly sketchy characterisation of what went on in the executive suite during the great boom.
On the other hand, I also gather that the Bancroft family, which is the single largest private shareholder in the Wall Street Journal and the Dow Jones company, is reluctant to see its crown jewel possession, the Wall Street Journal, fall into the hands of, well, the same guy who owns the Fox News Channel.
Limited disclosure rules for private companies when the shareholder count exceeds 500 allows the playbook to stay in the locker room and competitors to not gain undeserved access to proprietary information.
BAe, for example, wants a new company made in its own image: a private company with a wide shareholder base.
Dr David Baker, a consultant surgeon from Lincoln said if he was a shareholder in a private company, he would expect a 5% to 10% return on his investment.
Though a lot of private equity investors present themselves as shareholder advocates who, by virtue of controlling the purse strings can squeeze corporate managers, they're actually conflicted.
But the current movement to take American businesses private threatens to reverse this mass-shareholder trend.
This means that, like all private companies, their ultimate goal was maximize shareholder value.
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Three of the nation's top investment banks, three of the nation's top law firms, a prominent auditor, the SEC, and a top private equity firm (Refco's largest shareholder) all failed to uncover the fraud.
We recently announced that Elevation Partners, a private equity firm, has become a minority shareholder in a newly formed company, Forbes Media, now the publisher of this magazine, Forbes.com and our other media properties.
Having failed to do so he reversed course in 2008 and came up with a clever scheme in which he, along with China Netcom, PCCW's second-largest shareholder, would take the company private, buying out the other shareholders for slightly less than he would receive from the company in a special dividend issued after the deal's completion.
The Going Private Transaction is a related party transaction with the largest shareholder of the company and advantaging existing management as well, and as such it will be subject to intense judicial review and potential challenges by shareholders and strike suitors.
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The last possibility that I also believe makes a lot of sense would be for the company's largest shareholder, Wilbur Ross, to take the company private.
Or that the private owners of other clubs would voluntarily start an ownership structure of public shareholder accountability.
The Reporting Persons intend to have discussions with management of the Issuer regarding the business and strategic alternatives to enhance shareholder value, such as a recapitalization or a going-private transaction.
On Wednesday, Dell defended the proposed take-private deal and outlined why it thinks the bidding process has so-far served shareholder interests.
Government involvement that protects shareholder money, however, might be a good thing, since even private banks don't have a trouble-free record in Asia.
But now, with private investors, including foreign institutions, deciding which companies get the funds, enhancing shareholder worth is key to corporate growth, if not survival.
He became chairman of De Beers in 1998 and took the firm private in 2001, in a deal that resulted in Anglo American becoming its largest shareholder.
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"They want access to capital, and limited liability, but they want the control of a private company, " says Nell Minow, editor of the Corporate Library, a shareholder advocate.
In other words, no matter what the state of the economy, companies in both the private and public sector continue to merge and acquire as a pathway to growth and increased shareholder value.
But then a French private-equity firm, PAI Partners, suddenly appeared as Atos Origin's largest single shareholder two weeks ago, and said it backed the management's strategy.
In January, US private equity firm General Atlantic LLC bought secondary shares of Kaspersky, making it the second largest shareholder in the company behind Mr. Kaspersky himself.
The firm's founder, chairman and spokesman must be glad he and his family chose to take Bernard Matthews private in 2000 following three decades as a public company, since there would have been much shareholder unease following the culling in February.
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Nevertheless, the need for shareholder liquidity beckons, particularly for banks such as First NBC that have raised capital from private equity firms and other institutional investors.
Oddly, Gazprom's largest outside shareholder, Ruhrgas of Germany, strongly supported the move to keep the board's doings private.
The controlling shareholder of Elektra, he had the retail chain purchase a 15% stake in the then struggling and private TV Azteca, in which he and his family owned around 35% .
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