Silver Lake Waterman will focus on the primary debt market, lending to well-established pre-IPO companies that want to raise additional capital without the dilution from additional equity rounds.
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Many healthcare providers have adopted a new strategy when dealing with these patients, placing customer service as the primary objective and debt collection as a secondary priority.
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The primary surplus includes the debt payments of federal and local governments as well as state companies.
While sovereigns remain the primary concern in the debt markets now, corporates looking to refinance in the new year are also beginning to worry investors.
Servicing this debt already requires the government to run a primary fiscal surplus (that is, before debt-service costs) of around 4% of GDP, and some economists think it will need to be even more.
In fact, approximately 20 percent of people looking for financial counseling this year mentioned medical debt as the primary cause of their bankruptcy.
Some countries that have thinly traded bonds rely heavily on big banks that serve as primary dealers to buy their debt at auctions.
There are two primary categories of funding: debt and equity.
Mr Stournaras hopes they are deep enough to achieve a primary budget surplus (before making debt repayments) of 1.4% of GDP.
The primary cause for this difference in debt-holding is that the US has been running a current account deficit for years, while Japan has historically always exported more than it imports.
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Brazil's new president, Lula da Silva, said the big spending cuts he announced this week, aimed at raising the government's primary surplus (ie, before debt-service costs), would help the country survive a coming external crisis.
For example, if the structural primary balance (budget balance excluding debt interest) in 2015-16 turns out to be only one percentage point better than the OBR now expects, our public sector debt would now be on a long term sustainable path.
The government has tried to stabilise the debt by running ever greater primary surpluses on the budget (ie, before interest payments).
Mr da Silva, likewise, could keep reiterating a recent pledge to maintain a sufficient primary surplus to stabilise the government-debt ratio.
Brazil's is committed to a primary fiscal surplus (ie, before debt payments) of 3.8% of GDP in order to continue to lighten its debt burden.
This will probably take the form of a bond buying program using the Emergency Stability Mechanism and the ECB to help push down borrowing costs via both primary and secondary purchases of Spanish sovereign debt.
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You're talking about going from a primary deficit - that's the deficit, before interest payments on the debt are considered - of 4-5% of GDP in 2010 to a primary surplus of around 10% of GDP.
But Brazil's government, with a much bigger public debt, needs to preserve its primary fiscal surplus (ie, before interest payments) to retain the confidence of bondholders.
Some investors worry Mr. Hollande will slow France's efforts to trim its own deficit or push back against Germany's emphasis on fiscal austerity as the primary way to address the euro-zone debt crisis.
And, even if it achieves a primary surplus, there is still 371bn euros of debt to service.
The aim is to achieve a primary fiscal surplus (ie, before interest payments on government debt) of 2.6% next year, rising to 3% in 2001.
On October 30th Paulo Bernardo, the planning minister, confirmed that the government has reduced its target for the primary fiscal surplus (the difference between revenue and spending before debt payments) for 2009 from 4.3% to 3.8% of GDP.
Congress faced strong pressure to boost the debt-ridden flood insurance program, which is the primary option for that type of coverage for U.S. homeowners and businesses.
The primary reason for this crisis is not the euro but the accumulation of debt globally.
Market is now focused on Italy, which has a high level of debt and low growth, but a small deficit (no primary deficit).
Romney spent much of the summer lying low as his competitors weighed in on the debt ceiling debate and made exhaustive campaign stops in the early primary states.
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In any given period the debt stock grows by the existing debt stock (d) multiplied by r-g, less the primary budget balance (p).
Assuming that the financial markets believe that the federal government could run a long-term primary surplus of 0.5% of GDP, the nation could support a federal debt held by the public of about 101% of current GDP (it is 74% of GDP now).
Indeed, when the ball gets rolling the fear of principal loss may become a primary reason for foreign central banks the world over to bail on U.S. government debt.
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