To make them sensitive to the deflection caused by pressure, the researchers carved grooves in the fibres along their length so that the bouncing of the light was less efficient at the point where pressure was applied.

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There is very little pressure on British gas to be efficient and to keep these price rises to a minimum.

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Downward pressure on reimbursements might shake out less efficient operators.

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This is but one example of the slow, steady job loss that has been happening for the past 20 years in the U.S., facilitated by technology, globalization and constant pressure to maintain profits in a highly efficient market-based economy.

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One is the pressure on firms to put their capital to efficient use.

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With intense pressure on the IT team to be more efficient and productive, IT managers are finding it more challenging to get everything done.

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This puts pressure on Nvidia to produce more cost-efficient chips.

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The three carmakers say all this will save them billions of euros, a necessary economy given the dire state of the European market and the pressure from regulators in Europe and America to invest heavily in new, fuel-efficient powertrains.

ECONOMIST: Carmaking alliances