But the specific way that public pensions discount liabilities causes them to underestimate the present cost of paying future benefits.
This means that the Net Present Cost of the mortgage contract rose.
Investors chomping at the bit for downside protection are snapping up puts that could have been purchased yesterday for a fraction of the present cost.
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In other words, for the same present cost, more than three times as much could be cut from the world's total CO2 emission by waiting a couple of decades.
To make the debate on NHS reform comprehensible, and the claims testable against evidence, what we need is some form of baseline scenario that explains the level of productivity improvement needed to keep health costs below double their present cost.
So it is consistent with the view that, even after excluding import costs and taxes, there are at present substantial cost pressures in the economy.
Presumably the present value of cost recovery deductions net of future recapture is embedded in the fair market value of buildings.
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The root cause of the present carnage is cost inflation that makes Hollywood or premiership football clubs look like models of parsimony.
At present, the cost of appeals against the Home Office are largely met by taxpayers' money, with a contribution from the fees charged for visa applications.
Add the four or so wins the present injuries might cost to those that the departures of Russell Martin and Nick Swisher will cost, and you do come to a number suggesting that the Yankees could be in trouble, even after accounting for how the returns of Gardner and Rivera will help.
Judging by the cost of present-day missile defense, this seems a long shot.
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The higher cost base can present a risk to Aeropostale if it is unable to maintain the higher revenue per square foot levels that it achieved in recent years.
Meanwhile, by failing to impose the carbon tax that would present consumers with the real cost of energy, America rejects the best way to kick its own addiction to oil and make greater use of alternatives.
Ericsson's changed fortunes from both the reviving tech market and its cost-cutting strategy present a contrast with 2002.
With each additional user comes an additional cost, and at present there is no advertising model in place to offset those costs.
At present, these younger Medicare beneficiaries cost less than older beneficiaries but pay the same premiums, thereby holding down premiums for everyone else.
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Changing discount rates would properly reflect the cost of benefits in the present, and discourage shortsighted decisions.
Crucially, it offers federal funds to states that embrace these reforms: at present many small counties can barely afford the cost of a murder trial.
Thus that risk must be raised: which in turn raises the discount rate that must be used and lowers the social cost of carbon emissions in the present.
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And think about this: At present ads on Facebook are sold on an either cost-per-thousand or cost-per-click basis.
France wanted to draw on the EFSF, both to present the problem as European and to share the cost with Germany.
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Foster research on the development, use, evaluation and re-contextualisation of OER as well as on the opportunities and challenges they present, and their impact on the quality and cost-efficiency of teaching and learning in order to strengthen the evidence base for public investment in OER.
The bill gets away from the present system with universal health care in the most convenient and cost-effective way.
Finally, we calculate the net-present-value of all those costs to capture the opportunity cost of tying your money up in a down payment .
While it will still make sense to have multiple layers of defense against hostile missiles in which Aegis is only part of the solution, at present it is the part of the solution that looks most cost-effective.
We are seeing a series of experiments with different MMO monetization models at present, but all have the same problem: games which cost as much as or more than a full-sized game are hard to fund with a model best applied to small, repetitive mobile and social games.
Already, the cost of failing to reform the system, both for present and future pensioners and for pension-providing companies, has been huge.
The cost of that acreage has been high relative to the present low price of natural gas, although such lease prices are falling as some drillers pause.
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So pitting intangible value against concrete cost increases is a hard sell, even when the net present value is positive.
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Were they to choose, following an agreement, to produce larger numbers of strategic missiles than are permitted, the Soviets could do so at relatively small cost and obtain still better attack capabilities than they enjoy at present.
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