Harvard professor and chair of the program Thomas Piper says the 10-day PCMPCL program comprised six classes each day as well as out-of-hours preparation and study.

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They will spend less and less time with their families and devote themselves to religious study and spiritual preparation.

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Mr Allen stresses the full "Exeter student experience", which mixes academic study with employment preparation and cultural and sports opportunities, and acknowledges that too much growth in numbers could undermine it.

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"Consider the consequences of continuing to subject young people to an education system rooted in the Victorian era as a preparation for a post-school period of study and work in a digital age, " she said.

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In the framework of its ISARM project, UNESCO-IHP participated in close partnership with the French Water Academy, the International Office for Water and the French Geological Survey (BRGM) in the preparation of a methodological study, launched by the French Development Agency (AFD) in order to efficiently contribute to take up the challenges of the sustainable management of transboundary aquifers.

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In preparation for longer spaceflight, scientists have designed shields to deflect harmful energetic particles, and continue to study the ill-effect of weightlessness on astronauts.

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