In the automation stage, a set of predetermined energy management actions take place based on the workload flowing across the applications.

FORBES: Evaluating Energy Management Maturity: A Checklist for CIOs

These nanorods are so small that gravity alone isn't enough to place the particles into predetermined patterns, such as corporate logos.

ENGADGET: IBM brings the fight to counterfeiters with nano-sized authentication methods (video)

The Delhi Police have alleged that the IPL spot-fixing took place after the three cricketers, all bowlers, had agreed to give away at least a predetermined amount of runs in an over.

WSJ: India Court Extends Police Custody of Cricketers