The pre-legislative paper Putting Learners at the Centre published in September 2011 included plans to widen access, support students and invest in research.

BBC: Post-16 reform statement

In September, he and his colleagues pre-printed a paper on the subject which did not acknowledge the contribution to the field of two researchers called Arnon Dar and Nir Shaviv.

ECONOMIST: More on gamma-ray bursts

With lower portfolio risk, local investors would also theoretically be able to pay more for Chinese companies, says William Goetzmann, a professor at Yale University who has published a rare paper on the pre-war ties between China's financial markets and the rest of the world.

ECONOMIST: The Shanghai Stock Exchange

For example, repeat borrowers in August on average had new debt pricing roughly 35 bps higher than where comparable existing paper was trading pre-announcement, compared to average premiums of 43 bps and 50 bps for deals priced in the first and second quarters, respectively, according to LCD.

FORBES: Connect

Or to put it another way, for all the UK government's pre-emptive austerity measures, on paper the fiscal position of the UK is worse than for Italy and for Spain.

BBC: Why investors love lending to the UK government

Going back to elementary school, Valentine's Day has been about the cards: First carefully crafted with safety scissors, construction paper and glue, and later bought pre-made from a store.

CNN: Bacon chocolate, e-cards and other Valentine trends

Redington and Ingram Micro are expected to start booking pre-orders within a day or two, the paper reported.

FORBES: After Delivery Snags, India Gets Apple iPhone 5 Next Week

He set out his reasons in a paper analysing policy in the past two cycles published the day before the pre-budget report.

ECONOMIST: Singing in the rain

See this paper by Goodhart and Schoenmaker from 1995 for a good example of the pre-EMU pre-crisis debate on this issue.

FORBES: Euro Area Banking Union: Should Bank Supervision and Monetary Policy Be Separated?

Tax changes envisaged in a forthcoming urban white paper, Treasury officials say, are being closely co-ordinated with the pre-budget report, due to be published in November.

ECONOMIST: English cities

On paper, Prudential is worth as much as 50% more in pieces than its pre-deal market value.

ECONOMIST: Insurance: Too far, too fast | The

But it is too soon to tell whether the vehicle will ever be restored to its former pre-credit-crunch glory, when it was able to issue short-term commercial paper to fund its investments in asset-backed securities.

FORBES: Goldman Only Brushed By Credit Crunch