Passed from master to disciple through oral instruction, the radif embodies both the aesthetic practice and the philosophy of Persian musical culture.
These advocates tend to be less than sensitive, to put it charitably, to the potential national security risks associated with putting their philosophy into practice.
In short, the message should be particularly clear to Senators Olympia Snowe, Roger Wicker, Bob Corker, Scott Brown, Jim Webb and Ben Nelson who are up for reelection in 2012: Those who believe the United States must practice the authentic Reagan philosophy of "peace through strength" will accept no substitutes.
The gap between the central bank's philosophy and its practice highlights divisions in China's economic policymaking.
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James took me to the first practice stand and talked me through his philosophy of shooting clays and birds.
In practice, most judges are pragmatists who try to pursue an interpretative philosophy somewhere between the two extremes of Justice Scalia and Mr Dworkin.
The critical point is that while equality may be an accepted philosophy it can only happen once people also agree in practice to be equals.
Perhaps science, as Professor Hawking and Mr Mlodinow practice it in their airier moments, has indeed changed places with philosophy, though probably not quite in the way that they think.
It was compounded from a mixture of practical knowledge of things like metallurgy, pharmacy and glassmaking with the Greek practice of analysing and theorising about the world that is known as philosophy.
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His work ethic and passion for coaching were apparent when he swam at Metro State, where after practice he hung around to write down that day's routine and ask about the philosophy behind it.
Mr Marinoff has founded the grand-sounding American Philosophical Practitioners Association, which has trained around 70 philosophy counsellors so far and has backing from a local assemblyman to certify the practice in New York State.
The philosophy behind it is called anthroposophy, "a source of spiritual knowledge and a practice of inner development, " according to The Anthroposophical Society in America.
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