In 1995 Benazir Bhutto, then Pakistan's leader, put forth a new power policy.
The European Union, at least for now, generally has no power over tax policy in member countries.
What are the bureaucratic structures and power relationships that policy-makers must understand and navigate in order to embed reform?
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This has weakened the power of monetary policy for each nation and has given rise to large spillover effects.
Although it recognised the assembly's power over health policy, "we do not believe that such modification of insurance policies falls within its competency", it said.
If Obama succeeds in getting Netanyahu on board, the American media discussion of sanctions will focus on the issue of Israeli power over US policy.
To its south, officials say, Europe has leveraged its domestic buying power, trade policy and aid to offer help to post-Arab Spring countries like Tunisia, Jordan and Egypt.
Obama, then, has stocked up on advisers with what might be termed a 'metrosexual' foreign policy: an instinctive aversion to muscular use of American power, a forward foreign policy and the unilateral use of force.
Instead he argued that the law pre-empts the federal government's power to set immigration policy.
Absent Thaksin, who was a rare civilian center of power in Thailand, policy has drifted.
Crisis-era reforms have given the commission even more power to set economic policy throughout the euro zone.
This reflects the soft power approach to foreign policy that the Bush administration has touted over the years.
Yet since the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) came to power in 2009 Japanese policy had been conciliatory.
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Moreover, the Fed has the power to anchor a policy rate and thus bias market expectations to its chosen level.
The minister withdrew all power to implement the policy from the trusts and said that the process would be centralised at a regional level.
Insurance companies no longer have unchecked power to cancel your policy, deny your child coverage due to a pre-existing condition, or charge women more than men.
The OMB director's job can be a post of unequaled power in shaping economic policy, or it can be relegated to little more than government bookkeeping, massaging the numbers so they justify decisions made elsewhere.
To reform the Common Fisheries Policy by devolving power to national, regional and local levels.
While there is no negotiated outcome, the IGF informs and inspires those with policy-making power in both the public and private sectors.
Deployed well, it complements the scaling power of markets and public policy.
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He utilised the new power of radio to sell policy directly to the people, just as Mr Obama does through his televised speeches and through the internet.
Mr Cameron entered power with a quietist foreign policy, a vaguely liberal take on criminal justice and an uncertain line on how to fight Islamic radicalisation at home.
Having been happy enough to win power on the changes of policy and image he helped to fashion, New Labour should take no pride in refusing to acknowledge its debt.
They want the chancellor to legislate for a lower ratio, of perhaps 25 to 1, and to give the Bank of England's Financial Policy Committee the power to vary the ratio, depending on prevailing financial conditions.
Monetary policy is about power.
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The influence that economic power exercises over American foreign policy has grown tremendously since the days when ambitious planters in Hawaii realized that by bringing their islands into the United States, they would be able to send their sugar to markets on the mainland without paying import duties.
None of this is trivial - not least because George Osborne's banking policies, which include putting a ring-fence around retail banks and giving the Bank of England's Financial Policy Committee the power to vary banks' capital ratios, are out of step with what most of the eurozone wants and plans.
Where after the war Attlee established the case for the NHS, state education and a welfare state, Thatcher, after the industrial wars of the 70s and the Cold War, won the arguments for a market-based economy, the private ownership of key industries and services, limits on trade union power and a strong defence policy based on the Atlantic Alliance.
Why is it, I asked, have the power firms meekly accepted the government's requirement to deliver Whitehall policy on the shift to lower carbon and renewable power, while funding energy efficiency measures, smart metering and the social tariffs that support poorer customers?
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