This is the well-documented tendency of scientists and scientific publications to publish positive findings more often than results showing no effect.
He told the judge that Williams had been tested quarterly while in prison and treated for HIV because of consistently positive findings.
How can such positive findings lead to such a negative conclusion?
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Other papers found that substances used as part of the process to detect XMRV might be contaminated, raising the possibility that this may explain the positive findings in the 2009 Science paper.
The 12 positive findings, including two in New York, may reflect a fraction of the true cheating rate because testing in amateur cycling so far applies only to top finishers overall or of age group and category.
Genentech is now testing in mice whether its lung cancer drug Tarceva can spur nerve regrowth, following positive preliminary findings published last month by Harvard researchers.
In it, he welcomes the committee's findings and praises the "positive and constructive" approach the executive has shown on local government.
One paper published in 2008 concluded that "the idea that pleasant weather increases people's positive mood in general is not supported by the findings of this study".
Positive feedback notwithstanding, standards are vulnerable, the findings declare.
The resulting index is a mix of trend reportage, expert findings, data-rich analysis and future-positive prediction.
He said although the results disagreed with the findings of previous studies, they should be viewed as positive because they suggested that further research might lead to developments in treating specific health problems common to people with Down's syndrome.
But the report's authors say that the findings show that classes for early years groups can make a positive contribution to social development.
Keith Alcorn, of the National Aids Manual, said the findings showed it was important for all newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients to receive a resistance test before starting treatment.
These are clearly disappointing results but such negative findings are unlikely to attract the same fanfare as Rothwell's positive outcome.
Philip Catterall, whose 11-year-old son currently attends the school, said the findings were "very, very, shocking" but most parents felt "pretty positive" about the recommendations.
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The findings contrast with the view of the Council of Mortgage Lenders, who last week predicted a more "positive" year in the housing market.
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