Richard Banks, from Unison, said he was concerned that not all the cuts would be management positions and that more responsibilities would be put on more junior members of staff.

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Her distinguished career includes both social science research positions and media and communications responsibilities, notably as the Editorial Coordinator at the Mexican Television Institute.

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If making that mistake had prevented me from accepting significant responsibilities in future positions, my life would have taken a very different path.

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Among seven key IT staff positions covering applications and systems responsibilities, four have seen increases in average base salaries over the past year, while three saw downturns.

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If managers and employees think they are ready for new responsibilities, workers are promoted to new positions at higher pay.

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"Women want the responsibilities and rewards that come with top positions, " says Sheila Wellington, a professor at New York University's Stern School of Business, who was president of Catalyst when the survey was conducted.

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Surveys also show that 82% of whistle-blowers who revealed their identity were fired, quit, or given new responsibilities despite the SOX mandate that requires employees be rehired to their positions and reimbursed back pay and legal fees.

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