In every town across the country you will find a Swilly area, often very run down Council houses and poor wages and living conditions.
"A lot of the staff, because of the poor wages that are paid for bus drivers nowadays, rely on this extra time that they work, " he added.
Keynes stated in 1930 that tax-financed wealth redistribution was a smarter way to help the poor than fixing wages at above-market rates.
Less than a fifth of workers with low wages live in poor households.
Wages for the poor and low income in Brazil have risen by more than 40% over the last few years.
Brazil just got there a year or two ago, much of it through rising wages for the poor and an expanding social safety net in the north, where there was none.
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The rise in inequality is due partly to the concentration of immigrants at both ends of the economic scale, but the LSE study suggests that the arrival of lots of poor people has also depressed wages.
It is the combination of poor productivity growth and rising wages that has caused Italy's unit labour costs to rise so much faster than those in other euro members in the seven years since the euro started.
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As I say, the actual aim of abolishing national pay bargaining is not so that wages can be reduced in poor areas: it is so that they can be increased in rich areas.
Its taxes are high, education is poor, and its rapid growth in real wages is outstripping productivity in almost all sectors.
Prices vary with local costs, such as rents and wages, which are lower in poor countries, as well as with the price of ingredients that trade across borders.
Poor migrants, they believe, drag down wages for the native-born.
And there are legions of poor people who will paint and decorate for low wages.
The bulk of a burger's cost depends on local inputs such as rent and wages, which tend to be lower in poor countries.
It is generally accepted that trade with poor countries has been one of the factors reducing the wages of unskilled workers, relative to skilled ones, in the United States.
Companies compensate for higher taxes and lower rates of return partly with lower wages and higher prices, which disproportionately impact the poor.
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That will only hurt the middle class and the poor the most, as they lose the jobs and rising wages and incomes essential to their own personal prosperity.
The defense of the minimum wage can, on its face, appear compelling, even emotionally urgent: Everyone deserves a wage they can live on, and that without the backing of the US government, the poor will be powerless to turn down what are effectively slave wages.
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Thus, the job-destroying effects of minimum wages fall particularly hard on low-skilled adults in poor families.
For the poor median wage would be a considerable increase on their currently meagre wages.
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For social enterprises to scale their delivery of essential goods and services to the poor, they need access to working capital, and they need fair wages.
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As I pointed out a while ago, one consequence of uprating benefits with inflation at a time of flat or falling real wages has been to help narrow the gap between rich and poor.
The working poor pay the full 6.2% on every cent of their meager wages.
But low wages may have less effect on poverty than the fact that the poor are not working full-time.
Chinese wages are rising (something which we generally regard as a good thing, poor people making more money is a good thing), transport costs are rising and this changes the calculations about where is the best place to manufacture.
Yet despite the recent rise in wages across the board, and despite the massive rise in federal assistance, many poor single wage-earners have still not been able to lift their families out of poverty.
And large numbers of poor whites and poor blacks across the country find themselves having to compete with immigrants who are willing to work for lower wages in worse conditions.
Just as the workers at Exxon would be poor not rich by global standards i9f they had a low value add: for they would have the low wages to go along with the low productivity.
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