And exchange rate adjustment has usually been a key policy tool to ensure this re-allocation.
But unsterilised intervention is only monetary policy by another name, not an extra policy tool.
Forcing Franco Germanic work practices onto Southern Europe is the wrong policy tool at the wrong time.
Whatever the merits of the stability pact as a long-term policy tool, its short-term impact is now perverse.
That leaves the central bank with quantitative controls as its main policy tool.
If the only policy tool you have left is the hammer of printing money, then the world looks like a nail.
But under a new set of legislative proposals, the US could also start to use its capital markets as a foreign policy tool.
What can be done to make insurance a better policy tool and to avoid adverse side effects of the well-intentioned programs already in place?
The Bank of Japan relies on the asset buying program as its main economic policy tool because Japanese interest rates are already near zero percent.
But if enlargement has been the EU's most successful foreign-policy tool, the attempt to promote reform in borderland countries with little hope of joining has largely been a failure.
Yields on 10-year Japanese government bonds fell to 0.770%, the lowest since June 2003, after the central bank announced it would tweak its main policy tool, the asset purchase program.
Dole has precipitated a needed debate on the long-running abuse of this important policy tool and on how America can finance its assistance to emerging democracies in Eastern Europe and elsewhere.
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Labour may have given up its attachment to public ownership and controlling large parts of the economy, but its first instinct is still to distrust the market as a policy tool.
As a public policy tool to help catalyze positive change or penalize wrong-doing, greater scrutiny of foreign entrants to the U.S. capital markets offers distinct advantages over measures in the trade portfolio.
CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Leveraging US capital markets to advance peace in Sudan
Adriano Pires, director of the Brazilian Center for Infrastructure, a Rio de Janeiro based business management consultancy, said Brasilia should think twice about using Petrobras as a policy tool to fight inflation, among other things.
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While the US government has never been shy about using sanctions as a foreign policy tool, there has been great reluctance, particularly from the US Treasury, to link these measures in any way to the US capital markets.
The Bank has resisted calls to raise interest rates - seen as the most effective policy tool in combating inflation - on the basis that temporary, external factors, such as rising oil and food costs, are driving price rises.
While the "slippery slope" argument can, and ought to, be a legitimate cautionary policy tool, the invocation of the slippery slope argument can be its own form of slippery slope and must be applied with a large measure of caution.
Some analysts believed to be close to the security establishment admit that the Pakistani intelligence services nurtured these groups as a foreign policy tool, but say they are no longer under the army's control and have taken on a life of their own.
We have recently suggested a number of such reforms in our book-length policy research tool, 25 Ways to Reduce the Cost of College, which features 25 chapters, organized into five topical sections, each describing a different way that college administrators and policy leaders can make college less expensive.
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Because Europe's governments have signed away national control of interest rates, fiscal policy is the only tool to hand if the single monetary policy leaves their economies growing more slowly than they might, or faster than they can sustain without pressure on wages and property prices.
Kenney has not only embraced immigrant communities, he has championed immigration policy as a tool of Canadian economic development.
Deputy Judy Martin said the policy was the only tool to get developers to build social housing.
For once deflation has taken hold, monetary policy becomes a blunt tool.
Demonstration of revolutionary interactive tool for policy-makers on science policy developed by the UNESCO Bureau for Science in Latin America and going global.
Since discretionary spending is the only sort that can be adjusted quickly to the state of the economic cycle, this will tend to make fiscal policy an even blunter tool than it already is.
Mindful of its large public debt, Italy refrained from using fiscal policy as an active tool to stimulate the economy, and has managed to keep its budget deficit below the euro-area average (see left-hand chart).
The Trans-Pacific Partnership was first embraced in the United States by the State Department as a potential tool of foreign policy, and not by the U.S. Trade Representative as a possible trade initiative.
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