And, similar to Dyson, Lugg is proposing to achieve these radical efficiencies by coordinating multiple engine systems (analogous to the acceleration, inducement and entrainment of the Air Multiplier) to create optimal conditions for each stage of flight and to use the excess energy the system produces to create a plasma field to reduce drag and eliminate sonic boom.

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Somewhere along the way, something must be happening that is alien to the neat picture of plasma and field lines moving together.

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They had been looking for the point at which the magnetic field and the plasma switch from a slow, gentle waltz to something like an American square dance.

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The cloud of plasma carries with it a strong magnetic field.

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This works by injecting water into a reaction chamber, where it achieves plasma state through a high-intensity electrical field.

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Dr Ardavan's theory describes how the gyrating star generates an intense magnetic field, which polarises the ionised gas or plasma surrounding it.

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After a few fast turns caused by turbulence in the magnetosphere, one piece of plasma finds itself close to another piece that is dragging along a magnetic field with the opposite orientation.

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