Nor does empathy suggest a physiological "reason" for yawning (after all, we yawn when alone), though Dr. Provine thinks that it may be "a response to and facilitator of change in behavioral or physiological state, " maybe synchronizing a group of people about to embark on a behavioral transition.
But that said, from a physiological standpoint, Bryant says the afternoon may be a better time to engage in more explosive exercises, such as kickboxing or racquetball.
Ms Sandford said that if addiction to smoking was a mental, as well as a physiological, dependence then it was logical that anti-depressants could could play a role in helping smokers to quit.
He used less oxygen to run the 400, and that translates to a physiological advantage.
But his ability to indulge the way he does while remaining so strikingly thin makes him a physiological wonder.
There may be a physiological reason they respond to fraudulent offers more often.
There may be a physiological reason for the visceral reaction to that figure with its cartoonish skull and gaping mouth.
There is, to some degree, a physiological cause for this apparent divergence: the two halves, or hemispheres, of the brain.
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Perhaps, they reason, the treatment -- say a vitamin, or an aspirin -- could have a physiological effect not yet found in studies.
Also there's a physiological reason, because when an amount of sunshine enters the retina it will result in the production of serotonin, which is also produced when you take Prozac.
Just as mental disorders were once viewed as a product of evil forces, the "evil" you see in violent offenders today may someday be reformulated as a symptom of a physiological disorder.
That alone was something of a physiological feat.
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Although people in every population come in all shapes and sizes, body types and physiological characteristics follow a Gaussian distribution curve as a result of evolutionary adaptations by our ancestors to extremely varied environmental challenges.
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"At this stage I would be circumspect about its utility, even if there is a proven physiological or pharmacological effect, " he said.
Certain products elicit a similar physiological kick, tripping the noodle's reward circuitry.
Those who try to do so through physiological research look for a technical solution to suffering in an adjustment of the brain's neuro-mechanics.
"Music can alter emotional and physiological arousal much like a pharmacological stimulant or sedative, " says Dr. Karageorghis, who has worked as a consultant psychologist to music and sports-equipment companies and for Olympic athletes.
Many trials, however, are looking for subtler effects without, in the view of observers such as Hilda Bastian, the head of the Consumers' Health Forum of Australia, assessing whether the treatment really improves patients' lives, as opposed to changing a few physiological indicators.
"We saw a steeper decline in heart rate and a faster physiological stress recovery when they were smiling, " even though the participants weren't aware they were making facial expressions, says Sarah Pressman, co-author of the study and an assistant psychology professor at University of California, Irvine.
By measuring every move, heartbeat and step and relaying that to a coach on the touch line in less than a second, the technology enables a better understanding of the physical and physiological impact on the team, or any individual, during a game or training session.
He sees these flawed predictions as a combination of physiological biases, methodology errors, and misaligned incentives.
But even the best-trained runners are bound to experience a range of physiological and psychological changes.
There are generally physiological changes when people are in a stress situation.
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Drugs such as benzodiazepines that can produce these types of withdrawal problems are said to produce "physiological dependence, " which is a fancy word for meaning they can be addictive.
Their answers are monitored, with any unusual physiological responses passed on to "a human field agent" who then subjects them to "a more careful interview process, " said CBP spokesman Bill Brooks.
Obesity, excessive scar tissue from a previous surgery in the same area, disease that is more advanced than anticipated any one of these physiological conditions creates more work and a more difficult environment for the surgeon.
"The problem is that there is really a lot of biological and physiological knowledge that goes into interpreting these tests, " she says.
It could be that physiological changes in the premonitory phase trigger a sensitivity to such foods, rather than the other way around.
James Danckert, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Waterloo, in Canada, recently conducted a study to compare the physiological effects of boredom and sadness.
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The computer produces in Stan the physiological response that the drug would have produced in a patient with that medical condition.
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