Passed from master to disciple through oral instruction, the radif embodies both the aesthetic practice and the philosophy of Persian musical culture.

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In short, the message should be particularly clear to Senators Olympia Snowe, Roger Wicker, Bob Corker, Scott Brown, Jim Webb and Ben Nelson who are up for reelection in 2012: Those who believe the United States must practice the authentic Reagan philosophy of "peace through strength" will accept no substitutes.

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James took me to the first practice stand and talked me through his philosophy of shooting clays and birds.

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The philosophy behind it is called anthroposophy, "a source of spiritual knowledge and a practice of inner development, " according to The Anthroposophical Society in America.

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It was compounded from a mixture of practical knowledge of things like metallurgy, pharmacy and glassmaking with the Greek practice of analysing and theorising about the world that is known as philosophy.

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In practice, most judges are pragmatists who try to pursue an interpretative philosophy somewhere between the two extremes of Justice Scalia and Mr Dworkin.

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