The economic linchpin of the multidimensional U.S. rebalancing strategy is the Trans-Pacific Partnership that the U.S. is negotiating with Asia-Pacific economies from Chile and Peru to New Zealand and Singapore.
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In the 1879-84 War of the Pacific, Chile won control of mineral-rich land once held by Peru and Bolivia, and the outcome left Bolivia landlocked.
The region has also seen the rise of a group of countries that includes Mexico, Peru, Chile and Colombia that all have free-trade deals with the U.S. and Europe.
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Chile and Peru have had a long-standing dispute over maritime borders, and Ollanta Humala, the Peruvian populist who almost won his country's most recent presidential election, found it convenient to stir up sentiment against Chile.
He said that using the same method, scientists determined another area that was "ready" for a potentially devastating shaking - northern Chile, close to the border with Peru.
Based in Pheonix, Phelps Dodge has copper mining operations in the U.S., Chile, Peru and Congo, while New Orleans-based Freeport operates the vast open-pit Grasberg gold, copper, and silver mine in Indonesia, and has reserves of about 37 billion pounds of copper and 40 million ounces of gold.
The fastest-growing part of South America is the free-trading Pacific countries (Chile, Colombia, and Peru), which have shunned full membership of Mercosur.
Some of the best-kept mummies date back more than 500 years from the Inca civilization, which stretched from Peru to Chile.
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They wore it twice in 1962, in a 4-0 friendly win over Peru and a goalless draw with Bulgaria during the 1962 World Cup finals in Chile.
The Workshop was attended by high level officials of the local authorities as well as by Turkish scientists mainly from the ITU and representatives of nine other earthquake-prone countries (Chile, Egypt, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and Romania).
Intra-regional free trade agreements such as Mercosur and the proposed pact involving Chile, Mexico, Colombia and Peru tend to enhance economic growth for all the participants.
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